About Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sophia, a masterpiece of Byzantine architecture, was built in the 6^th century CE under Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. Over time, it became a church, mosque, museum, and mosque again, showcasing both Christian mosaics and Islamic inscriptions with minarets.

Building Materials

Hagia Sophia, a grand Christian Basilica, exemplifies Byzantine architecture. Its floor marble from Anatolia and Syria, while bricks came from North Africa. The 104 columns, many marble, were imported from Ephesus’ Temple of Artemis and Egypt.

Mosaic Decorations

Originally simple, Hagia Sophia’s interior later featured intricate Christian mosaics and frescoes. The most famous depicts the Virgin Mary holding baby Jesus against a shimmering gold mosaic background, highlighting the building’s religious and artistic significance.